Occupational diseases are conditions arising from workplace conditions or the nature of work that adversely affect the health of workers. Understanding and managing these diseases ensures a healthier and safer environment in the workplace.

In general, the causes of occupational diseases are directly related to exposure to hazards in the workplace and the duration of that exposure. Occupational diseases can be caused by many factors, from chemical exposure to physical factors, ergonomic factors, biological agents and even psychosocial factors.

Chemical exposure involves exposure to dust, gases, vapors, liquids or other chemicals at work. These chemicals can cause a variety of illnesses, from respiratory diseases to skin disorders, poisoning and even some forms of cancer.

Physical factors include elements such as noise, vibration, extreme thermal conditions, radiation in the workplace. For example, working in a constantly noisy environment can lead to hearing loss over time.

Ergonomic factors can also cause occupational diseases. These factors often include prolonged sitting, excessive lifting, repetitive movements and poor posture. These conditions can lead to musculoskeletal disorders in workers.

Workers in some sectors, particularly in agriculture, animal husbandry and laboratory work, can be exposed to biological agents such as viruses, fungi and parasites. These agents can cause various infectious diseases.

Psychosocial factors include elements such as stress at work, excessive workload, workplace bullying and harassment. These factors can often lead to mental health problems, particularly stress, anxiety and depression.

Prevention of occupational diseases is the responsibility of both employers and employees. Employers must conduct risk assessments at the workplace, take measures to limit hazardous exposures and provide workers with appropriate training and personal protective equipment.

Workers, too, should be aware of workplace hazards and care about protection. Understanding and managing occupational diseases is vital for both protecting individual health and creating a safer and more productive workplace environment.