Although lumbar disc herniation has a complicated name in terms of medical terminology, it is basically directly related to our spinal health. This condition occurs when one or more of the discs in the lumbar spine ruptures. The ruptured disc material can put pressure on the surrounding spinal cord or nerve roots, causing pain, numbness or weakness in the lower back and legs. Such symptoms can seriously affect our daily lives.

Functions of the Spine and Discs

The spine is one of the main support structures of our body and protects an important part of our central nervous system. It is made up of vertebrae arranged on top of each other and discs between them. The discs minimize friction between the vertebrae and provide the spine with shock absorption. Each disc is made up of the annulus fibrosus, a hard layer of fibers on the outside, and the nucleus pulposus, a softer, gel-like substance on the inside. This structure provides support to the body while maintaining the flexibility of the spine.

Main Causes of Lumbar Disc Herniation

Aging can cause discs to lose their natural elasticity and moisture. This process can increase the risk of ruptured discs. Improper lifting of heavy loads can strain the discs in the lumbar region, leading to rupture or damage. However, sudden trauma, falls or accidents can also cause disc damage. Genetic predisposition should also not be forgotten; some people are more prone to such conditions due to familial genetic factors.

Symptoms, Diagnosis and Methods Used in Modern Medicine

The symptoms of a herniated lumbar disc can vary from person to person. However, the most common symptoms are: lower back pain, pain in the leg and/or buttocks, numbness, tingling and muscle weakness. The diagnosis is based on a physical examination, taking into account the clinical symptoms. However, for a detailed analysis, advanced medical imaging methods such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used.

The treatment approach may vary depending on the severity and symptoms of the patient. The first step is usually medication, which aims to control pain and inflammation. Physical therapy can help patients improve spinal function and strengthen their muscles. In some cases, steroid injections can be used to reduce pain and swelling. However, surgery may be needed when other treatment methods fail or if the hernia is too large.

Prevention

To prevent lumbar disc herniation, it is important to strengthen the spine and surrounding muscles through regular physical activity, maintain a healthy weight and learn proper lifting techniques.

The Effect of Sports on Lumbar Disc Herniation

Sport makes many positive contributions to the physical and mental health of the body in general. However, when it comes to certain health conditions, such as lumbar disc herniation (LDH), the impact of sport becomes more complex. The effect of sport on LDH can vary depending on the type of sport practiced, its intensity, frequency, and the individual's general state of health.

Positive Impacts:

Muscle Strengthening: Regular exercise and sports strengthen the muscles of the lower back and back. This can support the spine, reducing pressure on the disc and lowering the risk of hernias.
Flexibility: Sports such as yoga and pilates can increase the flexibility of the spine and reduce the risk of possible injury.
Weight Control: Excess weight can put extra strain on the lumbar region, putting more pressure on the discs. Regular exercise helps control weight and thus reduces the risk of LDH.
Increased Circulation: Sport increases blood circulation, allowing more nutrients and oxygen to be transported to the damaged discs, which can speed up the healing process.

Negative Impacts:

Overload and Trauma: Incorrect technique or overloading, especially in sports such as weight lifting, football and basketball, can damage the discs.
Repetitive Movements: The constant repetition of certain movements in sports such as golf and tennis can cause stress in the lumbar region over time, leading to disc damage.
Wrong technique Performing exercise movements incorrectly can damage the discs and spine.

The effect of sport on LDH varies depending on how and how often an individual practices sport. In general, sport is beneficial for maintaining the health of the spine and reducing the risk of LDH. However, it is important to remember that it is important to use the right techniques, not to overdo it and to listen to the body's signals. It is especially important for people diagnosed with LDH to communicate with their doctor and physiotherapist to determine which sports they can do and which movements they should avoid.